HowToInstallModEvasiveOnWindowsHow to manage LVM volumes on Cent. OS RHEL 7 with System Storage Manager. Logical Volume Manager LVM is an extremely flexible disk management scheme, allowing you to create and resize logical disk volumes off of multiple physical hard drives with no downtime. However, its powerful features come with the price of somewhat steep learning curves, with more involved steps to set up LVM using multiple command line tools, compared to managing traditional disk partitions. Here is good news for Cent. OSRHEL users. The latest Cent. OSRHEL 7 now comes with System Storage Manager aka ssm which is a unified command line interface developed by Red Hat for managing all kinds of storage devices. Currently there are three kinds of volume management backends available for ssm LVM, Btrfs, and Crypt. In this tutorial, I will demonstrate how to manage LVM volumes with ssm. You will be blown away how simple it is to create and manage LVM volumes now. Preparing SSMOn fresh Cent. OSRHEL 7, you need to install System Storage Manager first. First, lets check information about available hard drives and LVM volumes. How To Install Mod_Evasive On Windows' title='How To Install Mod_Evasive On Windows' />The following command will show information about existing disk storage devices, storage pools, LVM volumes and storage snapshots. The output is from fresh Cent. OS 7 installation which uses LVM and XFS file system by default. In this example, there are two physical devices devsda and devsdb, one storage pool centos, and two LVM volumes devcentosroot and devcentosswap created in the pool. Add a Physical Disk to an LVM Pool. Lets add a new physical disk e. The command to add a new physical storage device to an existing pool is as follows. After a new device is added to a pool, the pool will automatically be enlarged by the size of the device. Check the size of the storage pool named centos as follows. As you can see, the centos pool has been successfully expanded from 7. GB to 8. 5. GB. At this point, however, disk volumes e. For that, we need to expand existing LVM volumes. Expand an LVM Volume. If you have extra space in a storage pool, you can enlarge existing disk volumes in the pool. For that, use resize option with ssm command. Lets increase the size of devcentosroot volume by 5. MB. sudo ssm resize s5. M devcentosroot. Verify the updated size of existing volumes. We can confirm that the size of devcentosroot volume has increased from 6. GB to 7. 2. GB. However, this does not mean that you can immediately utilize the extra space within the file system created inside the volume. You can see that the file system size FS size still remains as 6. GB. To make the file system recognize the increased volume size, you need to expand an existing file system itself. Depending on which file system you are using, there are different tools to expand an existing filesystem. For example, use resize. EXT2EXT3EXT4, xfsgrowfs for XFS, btrfs for Btrfs, etc. In this example, we are using Cent. OS 7, where XFS file system is created by default. Tenda 11N Wireless Pci Adapter Driver on this page. Network Manager is a featurerich network configuration service which is used by default in most Linux desktop environments nowadays. It provides automatic. Modsecurity an open source intrusion detection and prevention engine for web applications that integrates seamlessly with the web server and modevasive are. The site for people who want to establish the Network Server with CentOS, Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian. Thus, we use xfsgrowfs to expand an existing XFS file system. After expanding an XFS file system, verify that file system fully occupies the entire disk volume 7. GB. Create a New LVM PoolVolume. In this experiment, lets see how we can create a new storage pool and a new LVM volume on top of a physical disk drive. With traditional LVM tools, the entire procedure is quite involved preparing partitions, creating physical volumes, volume groups, and logical volumes, and finally building a file system. However, with ssm, the entire procedure can be completed at one shotLearn how to harden the latest version of Apache on the latest version of the Ubuntu server. This tutorial will help you secure your web app. This is Complete Apache tutorials for beginners. In this tutorial, you will learn Install and Download Apache. What is Apache How to install Apache. In this article, we will explain how to install, configure and manage Apache HTTP web server with virtual host on CentOS 7 or RHEL 7 server using command line. Top 40 Linux hardeningsecurity tutorial and tips to secure the default installation of RHEL CentOS Fedora Debian Ubuntu Linux servers. OKs5o/x360-dOy.jpg' alt='How To Install Mod_Evasive On Windows' title='How To Install Mod_Evasive On Windows' />What the following command does is to create a storage pool named mypool, create a 5. MB LVM volume named disk. XFS file system, and mount it under mnttest. You can immediately see the power of ssm. M n disk. 0 fstype xfs p mypool devsdc mnttest. Lets verify the created disk volume. Take a Snapshot of an LVM Volume. Using ssm tool, you can also take a snapshot of existing disk volumes. Note that snapshot works only if the back end that the volumes belong to support snapshotting. The LVM backend supports online snapshotting, which means we do not have to take the volume being snapshotted offline. Also, since the LVM backend of ssm supports LVM2, the snapshots are readwrite enabled. Lets take a snapshot of an existing LVM volume e. Once a snapshot is taken, it is stored as a special snapshot volume which stores all the data in the original volume at the time of snapshotting. After a snapshot is stored, you can remove the original volume, and mount the snapshot volume to access the data in the snapshot. Note that when you attempt to mount the snapshot volume while the original volume is mounted, you will get the following error message. XFS dm 3 Filesystem has duplicate UUID 2. Remove an LVM Volume. Removing an existing disk volume or storage pool is as easy as creating one. If you attempt to remove a mounted volume, ssm will automatically unmount it first. No hassle there. To remove an LVM volume. To remove a storage pool. Conclusion. Hopefully by now you see the power of ssm. In enterprise storage environments, it is quite common to deal with a wide array of storage devices, disk volumes and file systems. Instead of struggling with a number of different tools to manage a complex mix of storage configurations, you can master the single command line tool ssm, and have its backends get the job done for you. Apache Tutorials for Beginners. This is Complete Apache tutorials for beginners. In this tutorial, you will learn Install and Download Apache. Learn about Apache Virtual Host in 1. How to Run PHPRuby with Apache How to Secure Apache Web Server Apache Log Format. Configure your very first Production Web Sever. Install and Download Apache. What is Apache Apache is a remarkable piece of application software. It is the most widely used Web Server application in the world with more than 5. Apache is the most widely used Web Server application in Unix like operating systems but can be used on almost all platforms such as Windows, OS X, OS2, etc. The word, Apache, has been taken from the name of the Native American tribe Apache, famous for its skills in warfare and strategy making. It is a modular, process based web server application that creates a new thread with each simultaneous connection. It supports a number of features many of them are compiled as separate modules and extend its core functionality, and can provide everything from server side programming language support to authentication mechanism. Virtual hosting is one such feature that allows a single Apache Web Server to serve a number of different websites. How to install Apache There are numerous ways of installing the package or application. There are enlisted below One of the features of this open source web application is that anyone can make installer as per their own environment. This has allowed various vendors like Debian, Red Hat, Free. BSD, Suse etc. to customize the file location and configuration of apache taking into account other installed applications and base OS. Apart from installing it from a vendor based installer, there is always the option of building and installing it from the source code. Installing Apache from source file is a platform independent works for all OS. The apache web server is a modular application where the administrator can choose the required functionality and install different modules as per hisher requirement. All modules can be compiled as a Dynamic Shared Objects DSO is an object file that could be shared by multiple apps while they are executing that exists separately from the main apache file. The DSO approach is highly recommended, it makes the task of addingremovingupdating modules from the servers configuration very simple. Install Apache Linux Platform. On Red Hat or rpm based systems If you are using an rpm Red. Hat Package Manager is a utility for installing application on Linux systems based Linux distribution i. Red Hat, Fedora, Cent. Os, Suse, you can install this application by either vendor specific Package Manager or directly building the rpm file from the available source tarball. You can install Apache via the default Package Manager available on all Red Hat based distributions like Cent. Os, Red Hat and Fedora. The apache source tarball could be converted into an rpm file using the following command. It is mandatory to have devel package installed on your server for creating. Once you convert the source file into an rpm installer, you could use the following command to install Apache. After the installation the server does not start automatically, in order to start the service, you have to use any of the following command on Fedora, Cent. Os or Red Hat. rootamsterdam usrsbinapachectl start. Install Apache from Source Installing apache from the source require the devel package to be installed on your server. You can find the latest available version of Apache, you can download it here. Once you download the source file move it to the usrlocalsrc folder. In order to see all configuration option available for Apache, you can use. The most common configuration option is prefixinstall directory name. The above example shows the compilation of Apache within the usrlocalapache directory with the DSO capability. The enable so option, can load required modules to apache at run time via the DSO mechanism rather than requiring a recompilation. Once the installation completes, you can browse the web servers default page with your favorite browser. If firewall is enabled on your server, you must have to make exception for port 8. OS firewall.   You can use the following command to open port 8. I INPUT p tcp dport 8. ACCEPT service iptables save You can see the default Apache. Welcome screen by browsing your server IP address. Learn about Apache Virtual Host in 1. What is Virtual Host An Apache web server can host multiple websites on the SAME server. You do not need separate server machine and apache software for each website. This can achieved using the concept of Virtual Host or VHost. Any domain that you want to host on your web server will have a separate entry in apache configuration file. Types of Apache Virtualhost Name based Virtual host Address based or IP based virtual host and. Name based Virtual Host Name based virtual hosting is used to host multiple virtual sites on a single IP address. In order to configure name based virtual hosting, you have to set the IP address on which you are going to receive the Apache requests for all the desired websites. You can do this by Name. Virutal. Host directive within the apache configuration i. Apache virtual host Example Name. Virtual. Host 8. Virtual. Host 1. 92. Server. Admin This email address is being protected from spambots. You need Java. Script enabled to view it. Document. Root varwwwhtmlexample. Server. Name www. Virtual. Host. Virtual. Host 1. 92. Server. Admin This email address is being protected from spambots. You need Java. Script enabled to view it. Document. Root varwwwhtmlexample. Server. Name www. Virtual. Host You can add as many virtual hosts, as per your requirement. You can check your web configuration files with rootamsterdam httpd t. Syntax OK If the configuration file has some wrong syntax, it will throw an error root1. Syntax error on line 9. Invalid command, perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration IP based Virtual host In order to setup IP based virtual hosting, you need more than one IP address configured on your server. So, the number of vhost apache will depend onnumber of IP address configured on your server. If your server has 1. IP addresses, you can create 1. IP based virtual hosts. In the above diagram two websites example. IPs and are using IP based virtual hosting. Listen 1. 92. 1. 68. Virtual. Host 1. 92. Server. Admin This email address is being protected from spambots. You need Java. Script enabled to view it. Document. Root varwwwhtmlexample. Server. Name www. Virtual. Host How to Run PHPRuby with Apache What Apache needs to Run Php File Running Php files on Apache needs modphp enabled on your server. It allows Apache to interpret. Php files.   It has Php handlers that interpret the Php code in apache and send HTML to your web server. If modphp is enabled on your server, you will have a file named php. You can also check it with httpd M grep php. The output will be similar to Php handlers in Apache modphp CGI Fast.