Magellan spacecraft Wikipedia. Magellan. Artists depiction of Magellan at Venus. Mission type. Venus orbiter. Operator. NASA  JPLCOSPAR ID1. FileAnt.jpg' alt='Magellan File Explorer' title='Magellan File Explorer' />BSATCAT no. Websitewww. 2. jpl. Mission duration. Spacecraft properties. Manufacturer. Martin Marietta. Hughes Aircraft. Launch mass. Dry mass. 1,0. 35 kilograms 2,2. Powerabout 1,0. 30 watt. Start of mission. Launch date. May 4, 1. UTC1. 8 4. 7Z UTCRocket. Space Shuttle. Atlantis. STS 3. 0 IUSLaunch site. Kennedy. LC 3. 9BEnd of mission. Disposalburned up in the Venusian atmosphere. Decay date. October 1. UTC1. 0 0. 6Z UTCOrbital parameters. Reference system. Cytherocentric. Semi major axis. Eccentricity. 0. 3. Pericytherion. 29. Free Download Songs Of Hindi Film Chandni there. Apocytherion. 7,7. Inclination. 85. 5Period. Venus orbiter. Orbital insertion. August 1. 0, 1. 99. UTCLegacy insignia for the Magellan mission, commemorating the deorbit of the spacecraft in 1. The Magellan spacecraft, also referred to as the Venus Radar Mapper, was a 1,0. NASA on May 4, 1. Venus by using synthetic aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational field. The Magellan probe was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle, the first one to use the Inertial Upper Stage booster for launching, and the first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing its orbit. OziExplorer is an advanced GPS mapping software that allows for the creation of routes and waypoints in order to plan trips across the world. It can work. Directory Opus for Windows the Ultimate Windows File manager and Explorer Replacement. Magellan was the fifth successful NASA mission to Venus, and it ended an eleven year gap in U. S. interplanetary probe launches. HistoryeditBeginning in the late 1. Venus. They first sought to construct a spacecraft named the Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar VOIR, but it became clear that the mission would be beyond the budget constraints during the ensuing years. The VOIR mission was canceled in 1. A simplified radar mission proposal was recommended by the Solar System Exploration Committee, and this one was submitted and accepted as the Venus Radar Mapper program in 1. The proposal included a limited focus and a single primary scientific instrument. In 1. 98. 5, the mission was renamed Magellan, in honor of the sixteenth century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, known for his exploration, mapping, and circumnavigation of the Earth. The objectives of the mission included 4Obtain near global radar images of the Venusian surface with a resolution equivalent to optical imaging of 1. Obtain a near global topographic map with 5. Obtain near global gravity field data with 7. Develop an understanding of the geological structure of the planet, including its density distribution and dynamics. Spacecraft designeditThe spacecraft was designed and built by the Martin Marietta Company,5 and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL managed the mission for NASA. Elizabeth Beyer served as the program manager and Joseph Boyce served as the lead program scientist for the NASA headquarters. For JPL, Douglas Griffith served as the Magellan project manager and R. Stephen Saunders served as the lead project scientist. To save costs, most of the Magellan probe was made up of spare parts from various missions, including the Voyager program, Galileo, Ulysses, and Mariner 9. The main body of the spacecraft, a spare one from the Voyager missions, was a 1. The spacecraft measured 6. Overall, the spacecraft weighed 1,0. Attitude control and propulsioneditThe spacecraft was designed to be three axis stabilized, including during the firing of the Star 4. B solid rocket motor SRM used to place it into orbit around Venus. Prior to Magellan, all spacecraft SRM firings had involved spinning spacecraft, which made control of the SRM a much easier task. In a typical spin mode, any unwanted forces related to SRM or nozzle mis alignments are cancelled out. In the case of Magellan, the spacecraft design did not lend itself to spinning, so the resulting propulsion system design had to accommodate the challenging control issues with the large Star 4. B SRM. The Star 4. B, containing 2,0. Newton 2. 0,0. 00 lbf shortly after firing therefore, even a 0. SRM alignment error could generate side forces of 4. N 1. 00 lbf. Final conservative estimates of worst case side forces resulted in the need for eight 4. N thrusters, two in each quadrant, located out on booms at the maximum radius that the Space Shuttle Orbiter Payload Bay would accommodate 4. The actual propulsion system design consisted of a total of 2. The tank contained 1. The design also included a pyrotechnically isolated external high pressure tank with additional helium that could be connected to the main tank prior to the critical Venus orbit insertion burn to ensure maximum thrust from the 4. N thrusters during the SRM firing. Other hardware regarding orientation of the spacecraft consists of a set of gyroscopes and a star scanner. CommunicationseditFor communications, the spacecraft included a lightweight graphitealuminum, 3. Voyager Program and a medium gain antenna spare from the Mariner 9 mission. A low gain antenna attached to the high gain antenna, was also included for contingencies. When communicating with the Deep Space Network, the spacecraft was able to simultaneously receive commands at 1. S band and transmit data at 2. X band. 2367Magellan was powered by two square solar arrays, each measuring 2. Together, the arrays supplied 1,2. However, over the course of the mission the solar arrays gradually degraded due to frequent, extreme temperature changes. To power the spacecraft while occulted from the Sun, twin 3. The batteries recharged as the spacecraft received direct sunlight. Computers and data processingeditThe computing system on the spacecraft, partially modified equipment from the Galileo, included two ATAC 1. RCA 1. 80. 2 microprocessors, as two redundant systems, to control the command and data subsystem CDS. The CDS was able to store commands for up to three days, and also to autonomously control the spacecraft if problems were to arise while mission operators were not in contact with the spacecraft. For storing the commands and recorded data, the spacecraft also included two multitrack digital tape recorders, able to store up to 2. Earth was restored and the tapes were played back. Scientific instrumentseditOrientation while collecting data. Orbital path for collecting RDRS data. Comparison to previous missions. The RDRS was a much more capable instrument compared to previous missions. Thick and opaque, the atmosphere of Venus required a method beyond optical survey, to map the surface of the planet. The resolution of conventional radar depends entirely on the size of the antenna, which is greatly restricted by costs, physical constraints by launch vehicles and the complexity of maneuvering a large apparatus to provide high resolution data. Magellan addressed this problem by using a method known as synthetic aperture, where a large antenna is imitated by processing the information gathered by ground computers. The Magellanhigh gain parabolic antenna, oriented 2. Venus, illuminating a swath of land. The Radar System then recorded the brightness of each pulse as it reflected back off the side surfaces of rocks, cliffs, volcanoes and other geologic features, as a form of backscatter. To increase the imaging resolution, Magellan recorded a series of data bursts for a particular location during multiple instances called, looks. Each look slightly overlapped the previous, returning slightly different information for the same location, as the spacecraft moved in orbit.